During electrophoretic painting, the water-diluted coating material is broken up into cations and anions. The anions are particles of the paint, while cations are amines or ammonia, with the aid of which the varnish binder is neutralized to make it water-soluble. Under the influence of direct current, negatively charged anions migrate to the positive pole (anode), where they lose their charge and thereby undergo transition into the insoluble state. Positively charged cations migrate to the negative pole (cathode) where they, too, lose their charges and change to free amines. Electrophoresis is used to apply mostly monolayer coatings of 15 to 35 µm thickness. If using electroconductive primers, it is possible to apply double-layer electrophoresis coatings of 30 to 45 µm thickness.