Slurry seal typically uses a mixture of filler, fine aggregate, and 5 to 20 percent by mass of bitumen emulsion. It is applied cold by screeding onto the surface in layers less than 5 mm thick and can require up to 4 hours for the emulsion to break and before traffic can use the road. The mix design is a compromise between being sufficiently fluid to fill cracks and being stiff to attain a good micro-texture. It is used to treat residential street pavements to provide a good surface appearance, protect and waterproof an old pavement, mainly by filling cracks, surface voids, and other minor surface deficiencies. It is also a mixture of fine-graded aggregate of varying degrees of coarseness, an asphalt emulsion, and inorganic fillers.