Vacuum manipulators are used to move or position items in specialized vacuum chambers and for material handling applications. They provide increased flexibility because rigid links are not used. Some vacuum manipulators include mounting devices or end-effectors. Others include load locks and wobble sticks. Often, vacuum manipulators are used in conjunction with vacuum chambers. To create a vacuum chamber, a vacuum motor or in-vacuum motor physically pumps the air from the vessel until the desired sub-atmospheric pressure is achieved. If the vacuum chamber contains an ultra-high vacuum, then an ultra-high vacuum manipulator and ultra-high vacuum motor must be used. Vacuum manipulators include vacuum lifters, material handling equipment used to move bags, boxes, cartons, drums, kegs and sheet materials. Vacuum manipulators are used in a variety of industrial, scientific and laboratory settings. For example, they are often used in the production of glass, ceramics, metals, rubber, computers and consumer electronics.