Functional equivalent analysis is the process of identifying functionally duplicate items or suitable alternatives based on analyzing key technical attributes of the part. This normally entails identifying a list of the attributes by product class as well as defining a set of rules and tolerances for each attribute.

Furnace brazing is a form of brazing which uses a standard furnace set at the required temperature to cause melting of the braze material. It is used for joining but the long heating cycle subjects the alloy to oxidation and possible recrystallization effects. Furnace brazing is a mass production method for producing small steel assemblies, using a nonferrous filler metal as the bonding material and a furnace as the heat source. It is suitable for assemblies which might trap flux if dipped, or have pockets which could trap air. It is also good for highly polished parts which might get etched if dipped in hot flux. Furnace brazing may also be carried out with a controlled neutral or reducing atmosphere. Provided the components are clean, no flux is required. This method will be similar to hydrogen or vacuum brazing.