Solvent recovery system is designed to operate in a semi-continuous mode to recover isopropyl alcohol (IPA), near it's azeotropic concentration, from an aqueous process stream generated in the production of a pharmaceutical. This system is subsequently operated in a continuous mode to dry the IPA, using azeotropic distillation.

Spring is a point where groundwater flows out of the ground and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface. It is dependent upon the constancy of the water source a spring may be ephemeral or perennial. The water issuing from an artesian spring rises to a higher elevation than the top of the confined aquifer from which it issues. When water issues from the ground, it may form into a pool or flow downhill, in surface streams. The minerals become dissolved in the water as it moves through the underground rocks. This may give the water flavour and even carbon dioxide bubbles, depending upon the nature of the geology through which it passes. This is why spring water is often bottled and sold as mineral water, although the term is often the subject of deceptive advertising.

The weak acid cation-exchange resins are not styrenics. They are acrylic or methacrylic esters or nitriles copolymerized with DVB and then hydrolyzed to give the free carboxylic acids. The weal acid group is effective as a base adsorbed for strongly basic materials.

Super-critical water oxidation is a process that occurs in water at temperatures and pressures above a mixture's thermodynamic critical point. Under these conditions water becomes a fluid with unique properties that can be used to advantage in the destruction of hazardous wastes such as PCBs. The fluid has a density between that of water vapor and liquid at standard conditions, and exhibits high gas-like diffusion rates along with high liquid-like collision rates. In addition, solubility behavior is reversed so that chlorinated hydrocarbons become soluble in the water, allowing single-phase reaction of aqueous waste with a dissolved oxidizer. The reversed solubility also causes salts to precipitate out of solution, meaning they can be treated using conventional methods for solid-waste residuals. Efficient oxidation reactions occur at low temperature (400-650 °C) with reduced NOx production.

Swimming pool water must undergo treatment, in order to remain clear and clean, free from harmful substances, bacteria, viruses, algae and other pathogens and suitable for use by swimmers. It is treated by means of various purification steps. The water is first transported from swimming pools to a water purification plant. In the water purification plant, it will flow through a hair removal filter, which removes raw pollutions, such as hairs, plasters and leaves, from water. After that, a flocculant is added, which causes smaller colloids to bind together. The parameters that indicate the presence of undissolved particles are water turbidity and potassium permanganate demand of the water. Potassium permanganate is used as an indicator of organic matter oxidation. Floating particles are removed from water in a sandfilter. The sandfilter is backflushed periodically. Finally, pollutants are discharged into the sewer.