Geotechnical engineering is concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. Geotechnical engineering includes investigating existing subsurface conditions and materials; assessing risks posed by site conditions; designing earthworks and structure foundations; and monitoring site conditions, earthwork and foundation construction.

The basic objective of a geotechnical investigation is the characterization of the geologic environment. This investigation consists of several determinations that include - Lateral distribution and thickness of the soil and rock strata within the zone of influence of the proposed construction or development; Groundwater conditions, considering the seasonal changes and the effects of extraction due to construction or development; Physical and engineering properties of the soil and rock formations, and groundwater quality; Hazardous conditions, including unstable slopes, active or potentially active faults, regional seismicity, floodplains, ground subsidence, collapse, and heave potential. Investigations are performed in a number of stages, each with a different objective, and each requiring interpretation, analysis, and evaluation.

Seismic drilling is generally conducted in remote areas. Shallow holes are drilled for the placement of explosives required for reflection and refraction surveys. Geothermal drilling allows access to capturing the earth's natural heat, which is relatively stable.

Geothermal hardfacing utilizes tungsten carbide bricks. These are brazed to the stabilizer blade and surrounded by tungsten impregnated composite rod.