Ceramic materials are inorganic and nonmetallic materials. Their interatomic bonds are either totally ionic or predominantly ionic but having some covalent character. These materials are hard, porous and brittle. The development of ceramics includes methods to mitigate problems associated with these characteristics and to accentuate the strengths of the materials as well as to investigate novel applications. They have specific properties, which cannot be replaced by other materials. It plays a significant role in the performance of numerous devices and equipments.

Chelating agents are capable of forming coordinate bonds with metals through two or more atoms of the organic compound. The compound formed by a chelating agent and a metal is called a chelate. A chelating agent that has two coordinating atoms is called bidentate; one that has three, tridentate or ethylenediaminetetraacetate is a common hexadentate-chelating agent. Chlorophyll is a chelate that consists of a magnesium ion joined with a complex chelating agent; heme, part of the hemoglobin in blood, is an iron chelate. Chelating agents are important in textile dyeing, water softening, and enzyme deactivation and as bacteriocides.

Chloramine-T is a drug that has great potential to control and reduce mortalities associated with a number of external fish diseases. It is identified by state and federal hatcheries as an urgently needed drug that will be used to reduce disease-related mortalities and improve production efficiency and product quality at public hatcheries.

Chromium powder is used for the manufacture of Cr-Al compacts, which are used as melt-additions to alloy aluminum with chromium. It is used for the coating of turbine components. Chromium is an alloying element for aluminum melts. The particle-size analyzer of chromium powder is used as raw material and carried out by laser diffraction to assure correct packing.

Citric Acid Cleaner removes oxide, scale, mineral deposits, milk stone and inorganic soils. This biodegradable blend of chelating citric acid and anionic surfactants has typical pH of 2.5 and zero-VOC, phosphate free, non-corrosive formulation. It carries no hazardous shipping regulations and can be used in CIP, ultrasonic bath, immersion and mild agitation as well as filter membrane applications. The cleaner is milder than most acids, yet powerful enough to replace more aggressive acid cleaners.

Citric Based Cleaning Compound removes scale, rust, soot and low foam products. It is suitable for spray and vibratory applications. It is water based, biodegradable and has rinse-ability.

Clay desiccants are made from montmorillonite clay, which has a special affinity for moisture. The montmorillonite clay is composed of magnesium aluminum silicate, a naturally occurring mineral. After mining, it is purified, reduced to granules and subjected to a controlled dehydration process to increase its sorbent porosity. It recharges easily and does not swell as it absorbs water vapor. It works well at low and room temperatures, but has a low ceiling temperature. At 120º F, it will begin to shed the moisture it has absorbed. It is in the shape of small gray pellets. These absorb approximately 25% of its weight in water vapor at 77º F and 40% relative humidity. This is used for commercial and industrial purposes.

Coil cleaner cleans and brightens coils and fins. This cleaner is designed to remove the build-up on fins & coils of air conditioning and refrigeration units. This cleaner is generally available as non-caustic, non-acid, and water-soluble form. It can remove grease, dirt, slime, lint and other contaminants from inside fins of heating, refrigeration, and air conditioning coils.

Colourant is something added to something else to cause a change in colour. Colourants can be dyes, pigments, inks, paints or chemicals.

Aqueous gel film forming foam is a low and medium expansion foam concentrate for covering and extinguishing fires. It is a non-toxic alcohol type aqueous film forming foam compound, which not only produces an aqueous film, but forms a cohesive and regenerative polymeric second barrier as well and this barrier floats on the water-soluble liquid preventing the foam bubble from mixing with polar solvents.

Coolant testing is vital to maintain the coolant at the specific levels for optimum machining performance, tool life and coolant life. This testing is required to determine the additive concentration and glycol level of the coolant. This will make sure that adequate liner pitting and freeze point protection are achieved. This testing is also required to determine if the coolant must be replaced due to contamination.

The effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors are largely determined by the electrochemical potential of the metal that is to be protected. Corrosion inhibitors are used to prevent or delay corrosion initiation. It can either influence the anodic or the cathodic reactions, or both. It is normally divided into five groups, such as anodic, cathodic, organic, vapour phase and oxidizing corrosion inhibitors. Anodic corrosion inhibitors, which inhibit corrosion, associated with the stabilization of the passivity film, tend to break down when chloride ions are present at the steel surface.

Cracking catalyst is mainly used in the catalytic cracking process. It typically contains antimony and at least one contaminating metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, vanadium, and iron under cracking conditions. A portion of cracking catalyst is periodically regenerated by contact with a combustion supporting gas under regeneration conditions and at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst is employed in the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feed.