Fitness for service evaluations is performed for pressure vessels, heat exchangers, boilers, storage tanks, piping and other specialized equipment to assure the structural integrity of equipment for the intended design parameters. Fitness for service evaluations is carried out for pressure equipment for a wide variety of flaws. Some common type of flaws requiring fitness for service valuations include generalized corrosion, localized corrosion/corrosion under insulation, pitting corrosion, blisters & laminations, bulging, dents, cracks and fire damage.

Flame retention nozzle is designed specifically to use higher mixture pressures than usual with tips of this type. It maintains steady flames at all pressures. It can be used with a wide range of air-gas ratios and has excellent turn-down characteristics. When desired, the nozzle can be used without a combustion block, as in ovens or under kettles. This nozzle is made of cast iron material.

Flame rods are used as positive flame indication in pilots before the main burner gas is turned on. It allows discrete pilot flame indication. It consists of a center electrode and an outer metallic sheath. The electrode is isolated from the outer sheath by an insulating material. The end of the flame rod, in the flame path, has a special high temperature hermetic seal with a threaded adaptor, which is connected to the center electrode. It is ideal to eliminate the non-discrete indication of optical scanners. It is used in a variety of pilot/burner applications.

Flame Safegaurds are suitable for individual burner control in heat process applications. It is a flame-controlling device equipped with inputs and outputs for the ignition and control of commercial and industrial burners. It can control flame for single or two-stage piloted or direct spark ignited, continuous or discontinuous gas or oil burners.

Flange joint leakage is a most common maintenance problem in refineries and chemical plants. This leakage can be measured by the effect of external loads on the strength and leakage behavior of flanged joints. The replacement of gasket or O-ring can rectify this leakage problem.

Flanged mixing tees are air-gas proportional type mixers designed for low pressure drop operation. Combustion air delivered through a control valve is metered through a precision machined orifice. Controlled air pressure is impulsed to the top of the gas balanced zero regulator. It has high capacity with low pressure drop. The mixers are provided for single burners or multiple burners connected to a common manifold.

Floor mounted neoprene isolators are used to isolate noise and high frequency vibration. It consists of cast-in drilled steel base plate.

Flow control regulators are double diaphragm spring balanced flow ratio control regulators that offer maximum control and fuel efficiency on gas-fired applications involving preheated air to the burners. These serve a dual function. These relieve upstream pressure while at the same time controlling downstream pressure. The controlled pressure downstream is equal to the upstream pressure minus the spring setting. Springs are color-coded in cataloged pressure ranges.

Flow induced vibration focuses on flow analysis and fatigue design. Vortex induced vibration (VIV) is probably the most common type of flow-induced vibration. It is caused by oscillating flow separation from a structure. Circular cylindrical structures are particularly susceptible to VIV and breaking the circular or cylindrical symmetry of the structure, by using strakes for instance, is an effective way of reducing the amplitude of vibration and the resulting stresses.

Fractography is the detailed analysis of a fracture surface to determine the cause of the fracture and the relationship of the fracture mode to the microstructure of the material. Fractography techniques are used to identify the origin of a crack and to determine what type of loading caused the crack to initiate. These techniques are also used to establish the direction of crack propagation and the local loading mode, which drove the crack. Fractography is, perhaps, the most important analytical approach used by materials scientists in attempting to establish structure-property relationships involving strength and failure of materials.

Fuel ethanol plant is used to make fuel ethanol. Fuel ethanol is produced by dehydration of rectified spirit or extra neutral alcohol. Ethanol is used as part of the fuel, by blending with petrol, for a motor vehicle. This is called fuel-ethanol. Ethanol could be blended in various proportions in petrol. It is usually added 5 to 10% by volume of petrol for such application. Fuel ethanol can also be produced from wheat, corn, beet and sweet sorghum. Ethanol is one of the best tools to fight vehicular pollution, contains 35% oxygen that helps complete combustion of fuel and thus reduces harmful tailpipe emissions. It also reduces particulate emissions that pose a health hazard.