Rubber flooring is composed of natural or synthetic rubber. The most common size is 1/8 inch in 9 by 9 or 12 by 12 inch squares. It is also available in 3/32, ¼ and ½-inch thicknesses and sheet form. The thicker material is used for high traffic areas, such as runners, landings, and in interlocking tile for industrial applications. Solid and linked rubber matting of various designs and thicknesses are also available. Ordinary 1/8-inch rubber tile is available in solid, marbleized and other mixed colors and embossed designs. Rubber flooring is resilient, quiet and comfortable underfoot, can withstand concentrated static loads over 150 pounds per square inch, is durable and easily maintained.

The rubber gasket is vulcanized and made to fit the segment precisely. The two opposing gaskets in the joint will be compressed sufficiently so that water leakage through the joint is prevented. The gasket recess and the size and geometry of the gasket are designed to meet the leakage requirements, even if the segments are joined out of tolerance. These are normally full face for flat-faced flanges. They are easily made in the field by tapping a hammer on a sheet of rubber laid over the flange, around the flange profile and holes.

Rubber lining is commonly used to protect materials in seawater and chemical process systems against corrosive and erosive attack. It is applied in sheets up to about ¼ inch thick. There are two main types such as natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers. Natural rubbers are used for low temperatures in oil-free water or slurry applications. Synthetic rubbers are used for temperatures up to 240°F, or when oil is present.

Rubber sheeting is flexible, strong, and easy to cut and use for various purposes including mats, lining, floor coverings, and stair treads. It is available in slabs ranging from .005″ to 4″ thick. Rubber sheeting is used in a variety of products, including tourniquets, exercise bands, protective clothing, household covers, industrial dust masks, weather stripping, and cargo nets.

Scrapers are combined earth-excavating and transporting units under one-man control. The scrapers are either tractor-drawn or motorized units. These scrapers are useful in removing earth & weak or broken rock and for excavating hills & rock faces. Some scrapers are designed for long hauls.

Silica powder is a white amorphous powder. It is synthesized from sodium silicate at room temperature using emulsion containing water, nonionic surfactant of Triton N-57, and cyclohexane. It is the best filling material and additive in comprehensive applications including paint-coatings, adhesive, sealants, silica gels and epoxy resins.

A precipitated silica powder's BET specific surface area ranges from 40 to 200 m2 /g. The CTAB specific surface area ranges from 140 to 200 m2 /g. The DOP oil absorption of precipitated silica powder ranges from 180 to 350 ml/100 g. Its pore size distribution such that the pore volume provided by pores ranging from 175 to 275 Å in diameter. It is white in color.